Contraception among Medical and Paramedical Students in Cotonou, Benin in 2016: Knowledge and Practices

Contraception is a mean of preventing unwanted pregnancies and thus prevents induced abortions and its complications.

To assess the knowledge and practices of future health workers on contraception, this was a survey carried out in Cotonou (Benin) by the students of the Medical Training and Research Unit at the Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS) and the Institut Médico-Sanitary (INMeS).

The survey involved 525 students, including 259 males and 266 females. The average age of students was 21 ± 2 years (15-31 years). Almost all students (9/10) had at least one contraceptive method. The rate of contraceptive use was 86.5%.

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Does Glycated Haemoglobin Reflect Blood Glucose Levels in Women with Gestational Diabetes?

The value of performing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at a late stage of pregnancy to assess glycaemic status for women with gestational diabetes (GDM) is unclear, and the correlation between HbA1c and blood glucose level (BGL) in women with GDM is unknown.

This study examined the association between 36 week HbA1c and BGL readings from daily blood glucose monitoring over the previous 28 day period.

HbA1c was measured in 120 consecutive women with GDM at 36 week’s gestation and their glycaemic profiles from self-monitoring of BGL in the previous 4 weeks were documented.

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Gestational Hypoglycaemia Restricts Foetal Growth and Skeletal Ossification in the Rat

Maternal blood glucose level during gestation is crucial for normal foetal development. In the non- clinical studies in non-diabetic rats required by authorities, long-acting insulin analogous being developed to decrease blood glucose levels persistently generate safety data on embryo-foetal effects, which may be challenging to interpret.

Separating potential toxicological effects of the insulin analogue from those caused by the hypoglycaemia becomes problematic, when the effects of the latter are unknown.

Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate foetal effects of persistent maternal hypoglycaemia in rats after continuous maternal insulin-infusion throughout gestation. Effects on foetal size were measured and foetal skeletons were examined after alizarin red and alcian blue staining.

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Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Neonates with Hypoglycaemia and Associated Risk Factors

Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common problem requiring medical attention in newborn and a leading cause of preventable brain damage, physical and mental handicap and early deaths among infants.

To study the prevalence of neuro-developmental abnormalities and risk factors associated with poor outcome. This was a prospective study on 39 neonates with hypoglycemia who were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from November 2015 to December 2016 and were fulfilling the inclusion criteria.

Gestational age at birth, sex, birth weight, age of presentation, duration and severity of hypoglycaemia were noted in all neonates.

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Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour towards Emergency Contraceptive among Female Students

Unintended pregnancy is one of the most common prevalent problems in young women globally, which leads them to distortion of physical and mental health. Moreover, the awareness of the young women about emergency contraceptive is lower among developing countries women.

Perhaps, to improve the awareness of the young women about emergency contraceptive and reproductive health issues has a crucial role in improving the health of women specifically young women.

The objective of this study is to determine the knowledge, Attitude and practice of emergency contraceptive among Fasiledes preparatory school of Gondar, Ethiopia.

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Langerhans Cells Ascertaining in Cervical Tissues Obtained from Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Impairment of cell-mediated immunity in cervical cancer (CC) and intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) has been reported. In this study, Langerhans cells (LC) subpopulations were quantitatively evaluated in cervical tissuesamples obtained from Brazilian patients exhibiting progressive grades of CIN, (CIN)I (n=3), CINII (n=3) and CINIII (n=3), in addition to three normal controls.

The precise number of cervical LC was determined in the entire area of lesioned epithelium from CIN samples, by performing a morphometric analysis of Langerhans cells positive for two distinct markers, S100 and Langerin (Lang) detected either by Immunofluorescence or Immunohistochemistry analysis.

In normal cervix, a higher density of Langerin+ cells was observed whereas S100+ LC were predominant in pre-neoplastic lesions samples.

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Factors Associated with Treatment Outcomes of Under-five Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition Admitted to Therapeutic Feeding Unit of Yirgalem Hospital

Worldwide severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affects more than 19 million children and Africa pointed as a region where the problem is highly prevalent.

Because of the high chance of death, as compared to wellnourished one, child with severe acute malnutrition needs hospitalization or strict follow up for clinical management.

However, protocol is available for the clinical management of SAM cases, monitoring and evaluation of treatment center performance is important for the betterment of outcomes.

Thus, this study aimed to assess treatment outcome and associated factors among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to therapeutic feeding unit of Yirgalem Hospital.

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