Men in the reproductive age group
may experience qualitative and quantitative defect in sperm production, but
there are men with normal sperm parameters who are infertile, such cases are
classified with idiopathic infertility. Men with idiopathic infertility
generally present with significantly higher seminal ROS levels and lower
antioxidant potential than fertile controls.Male factor accounts for 20% cases
of infertility, female factor for 38 % cases and in 27% cases of infertility
both partners are involved.
Traditionally, the diagnosis of
male infertility is based upon macroscopic and microscopic assessment and
analysis of sperm concentration, motility and morphology as routine indicators
of semen quality. These indicators
provide fundamental information about sperm production upon which
clinicians base their initial diagnosis. However, even with appropriate quality
assurance, traditional semen parameters provide a limited degree of prognostic
and diagnostic information.
The semen parameters assessed by traditional
methods provide modest information regarding fertilizing capacity of sperm.
Sperm chromatin integrity is essential in the process of fertilization,
implantation and proper embryonic development and birth of healthy off spring.
Sperm and ova carry all the necessary information required for fertilization
and embryonic development. Any form of damage to the paternal (sperm DNA) or
maternal (ova) can have serious consequences in the form of pre and post
implantation losses, impaired embryonic development, childhood morbidity and
even cancer.
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