Frozen-thawed semen has been extensively used for bovine
artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. Most
spermatozoa are injured during semen freezing and thawing processes leading to
reduction in sperm motility and to membrane structure.
The presence of non-motile or damaged sperm in the frozen
semen negatively affects semen quality; motile, morphologically normal sperm
must be separated from seminal plasma components, the extender supplements and/or undesired
cells, by means of a
selection technique.
In cattle, higher pregnancy rates were obtained with selected
sperm compared to unselected samples from the same ejaculate, when equal
numbers of motile cells were used for insemination. Thus, sperm treatments to
select motile spermatozoa from frozen–thawed semen are essential when in vitro
fertilization (IVF) is performed in cattle.
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