Separation of Motile Bovine Spermatozoa for In Vitro Fertilization by Electrical Charge

Frozen-thawed semen has been extensively used for bovine artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. Most spermatozoa are injured during semen freezing and thawing processes leading to reduction in sperm motility and to membrane structure.

The presence of non-motile or damaged sperm in the frozen semen negatively affects semen quality; motile, morphologically normal sperm must be separated from seminal plasma components, the extender supplements and/or undesired cells, by means of a selection technique.

In cattle, higher pregnancy rates were obtained with selected sperm compared to unselected samples from the same ejaculate, when equal numbers of motile cells were used for insemination. Thus, sperm treatments to select motile spermatozoa from frozen–thawed semen are essential when in vitro fertilization (IVF) is performed in cattle.

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Pemphigoid Gestationis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Gestational (pemphigoid gestationis, PG) is an uncommon immune system skin issue that happens amid pregnancy.

PG has a place with the pemphigoid gathering of immune system skin sicknesses that cause rankling of the skin and mucosal films.

It is an uncommon sickness with an occurrence of 1 in 50,000 pregnancies. PG ordinarily shows amid the second or third trimester with repeat in consequent pregnancies. It can be analyzed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence which is corroborative. Systemic steroids are the backbone of treatment.

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Aging of the Male Germline: Influence of Advanced Male Age on Reproductive Outcome

The rise in life expectancy in developed countries, as well as the wish to establish a career prior to parenthood, leads numerous couples to a delayed childbearing. Advanced age at the time of pregnancy portrays clear risks, with a great majority of couples above 35 experiencing reproductive complications.

The effects of women’s age on fertility are well established, being one of the most important factors to consider when addressing fertility issues. Indeed, women over 35 have a compromised fertility, with low oocyte numbers and overall reduced quality.

This biological clock of women’s reproduction capacity restrains fertility after a certain age leading to a decreased capacity to conceive and prolonged time to achieve pregnancy.

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New Onset of Erectile Dysfunction in a Cohort of Patients Enrolled in Active Surveillance for Low Risk Prostate Cancer

After serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) concentration was introduced as a screening test in prostate disease, prostate cancer has been increasingly detected at an early stage and grade. PSA test leads to Prostate Cancer (PCa) over diagnosis and overtreatment.

To overcome overtreatment, low risk PCa patients are enrolled in AS in order to prevent overtreatment, delaying curative treatment according to neoplasm progression.

The AS protocols were approved to delay radical treatment and spare treatment; however AS can influence quality of life related to health defined as “a physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.

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Effects of a High Protein/Low Carbohydrate Versus a Standard Hypocaloric Diet on Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

The incidence of obesity is increasing all Western Countries. This dramatically increasing in obesity prevalence has led to an important increase of investigation on adipose tissue and its role in metabolism, inflammation and other physiologic processes.

Obesity has a low grade systemic inflammation and adipose tissue is considered an active secretory organ of a new family of molecules called adipokines (for example, leptin). Leptin is a protein containing 167 amino acids, demonstrates structural similarities with cytokines and is mainly produced by white adipose tissue.

Some studies have confirmed that other tissues express leptin, including ovaries, placenta, stomach, pituitary, skeletal muscle and liver.

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The National Quality Plan and More Caesarean Sections, Less Wound Infections,more Gestational Diabetes (GDM) and Fewer Smokers in Northern Norway

The Ministry of Health and Care Service’s plan for improved maternity and delivery care was implemented in Northern Norway in March 2012. Selection criteria were standardized and economic resources allocated.

We explored the effects in a retrospective quality of care study employing data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). The prior study (2009-11) was compared with the 2012-14 period. The levels of care were Midwife administered maternity units (MAMU), Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (DOG) and Regional Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG).

National data on post-caesarean surgical wound infection (2009-2014) was added. Quality of care was defined as rate of multiple pregnancies, eclampsia, vacuum or forceps assisted delivery, births during transportation, caesarean section rate, post-caesarean wound infection, perineal rupture, smoking habits, body mass index (BMI), Apgar score <7, birth weight <2.5 kg and stillbirth.

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Understanding HIV Positive Women’s Experiences with Antenatal Care in Rural Maputo Province, Mozambique

The journey to motherhood among pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS is considered perilous in most of the countries of Sub- Saharan Africa. Carrying a pregnancy implies to follow biomedical norms recommended by campaigns on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV.

These recommendations consist of attending first antenatal care from the first trimester of the pregnancy, as well as adherence and compliance to antiretroviral therapy (ARTs) to prevent transmission of HIV during the pregnancy, as recommended by the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health of Mozambique.

Moreover, women are recommended to give childbirth at a health facility, to adhere to ARTs for the newborn, to practise exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life and to adhere to lifelong ARTs for their own health.

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Pemphigoid Gestationis | A Case Report and Review of Literature

Pemphigoid gestationis is a rare autoimmune blistering disease specific to pregnancy. It is characterized by pruritic, urticarial plaques with development of tense vesicles and bullae within the lesions.

Recurrence with subsequent pregnancies are often more severe and may be associated with miscarriages, prematurity, low birth weight and rarely fetal death. We report this case of pemphigoid gestationis in view of the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for prevention of fetal risk.

Gestational (pemphigoid gestationis, PG) is an uncommon immune system skin issue that happens amid pregnancy.PG has a place with the pemphigoid gathering of immune system skin sicknesses that cause rankling of the skin and mucosal films

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Age-dependent Expression of Catspers in Human and Mice Sperm

Calcium ions play an important role in almost every aspect of cell communication and sperm function such as, maturation, motility, and acrosome reaction (AR) in many species. The voltage gated ion channels are the key part in maintaining the intracellular level of calcium in sperm cell.

Catspers are novel voltage gated Ca2+ ion channel located specifically in the principal piece of the sperm tail, controls the influx of calcium ions into the spermatozoa, important for sperm motility. The gene coding for Ca2+ channel are exclusively expressed in the testis.

As the age progresses the sperm motility detoriates and as Catsper is the gene responsible for maintaining the sperm motility it becomes important to further elucidate Catsper expression with the progression of age for which there has been not much studies reported. Previously, we suggested that the calcium level drops down with increase in age.

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Clinical and Laboratory Assessment of Supplementation with Marine Collagen Peptides and Selected Antioxidants in Men with Mild-to-Moderate Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) remains one of the most frequent disturbances of male health with great negative impact on psychological, behavioral, and social conditions of the affected subject. Moreover, a close correlation between ED and the risk of cardiovascular diseases has recently become evident.

The search for safe and efficient approaches to combat and control ED has been growing steadily.Current pharmacological means target two major causes of nonandrogen ED revealed so far the impaired signalling from central nervous system and/or peripherally from penile tissue, to improve local endogenous metabolic pathways that control the erection process.

The drugs/supplements inducing penile smooth muscle relaxation are numerous, the best known being prostaglandin E1, NO donors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, bioactive peptides, excitatory amino acids, and antagonists/agonists of neuro-transmitting and other receptors.

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Fibroepithelial Polyp of the Vagina with Fungal Infection

A 35-year-old woman presented with complaints of itching in the perineal region and something coming out per vaginum. A general and systemic examination was unremarkable. On per speculum examination, a pedunculated polyp measuring 2.5×1.5×0.5 cm with a stalk of 0.8 cm was seen coming out from the anterior vaginal wall.

Multiple tiny projections were present on the surface of polyp. On per vaginal examination, uterus was of normal size and bilateral fornices were free. Ultrasound examination showed normal sized uterus with endometrial thickness of 5 mm. There was no adnexal mass seen. Under local anesthesia and full aseptic conditions, polyp was excised and submitted for histopathological examination.

Microscopic examination showed a polyp lined by stratified squamous epithelium with underlying loosely arranged vascularized stroma and infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells and mast cells. Stratified squamous epithelium exhibited focal koilocytic changes and focal collection of neutrophils.

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The Impact of Short Stature on the Childrens Psychology: An Examination of Child Psychology, Peer and Familial Relationships

Short stature (SS) is defined as height more than two standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. SS could be a result of organic or non-organic causes. Organic causes include: endocrine abnormalities, bone lesions, intrauterine growth retardation, chromosomal abnormalities (Dawn syndrome, Russell-silver syndrome) or other causes.

Non-organic causes include: familial short stature, malnutrition, constitutional delay of growth and adolescence. Around 2% of all children present with SS. Boys tend to come to medical attention more frequently than girls.

However, the percentage of girls with organic disease significantly exceeded that of boys. Differences in height were more pronounced around the age of 9 years. Sex was not associated with severity of short stature.

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Reproductive Behavior of Female University Students in Relation to Endocrine Regulators Concentration in Blood Plasma during Ovarian Cycle Phases

The aim of our work based on answers of Slovak women - university students that are representing an important target group, was to analyse their reproductive behaviour and opinions, because the behaviour and opinions concerning reproduction could differ significantly depending also on education.

Our goal was to analyze associations among reproductive behaviour of university student girls, their opinions and concentrations of endocrine regulators (insulin-like growth factors IGF-1, estradiol, testosterone and progesterone) in the blood serum and record their changes during the ovarian cycle.

The group under study encompassed 301 female university students aged 19 ± 1.371 years. Analysis of reproductive behaviour characteristics were based on a questionnaire method. Concentrations of the IGF-1, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone in blood plasma according to ovarian cycle phase had been set by biochemical methods and then linked with reproductive behaviour.

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Penoscrotal Incision for Implanting Penile Prosthesis

The surgical procedure of hydraulic (three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis) penile implant is a valid option in the treatment of erectile dysfunction who have not gotten results from other types of treatments.

This operation is minimally invasive because it’s done in 30 minutes; involve only 4 cm incision and few days off from work. The operation is generally carried out under regional anesthesia.

Satisfaction of patients and good quality of sexual life has been reported. Penile prosthesis does not change sensation on the skin of the penis or a man’s ability to reach orgasm. The ejaculation is not affected.

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Age-dependent Expression of Catspers in Human and Mice Sperm

Calcium ions play an important role in almost every aspect of cell communication and sperm function such as, maturation, motility, and acrosome reaction (AR) in many species. The voltage gated ion channels are the key part in maintaining the intracellular level of calcium in sperm cell.

Catspers are novel voltage gated Ca2+ ion channel located specifically in the principal piece of the sperm tail, controls the influx of calcium ions into the spermatozoa, important for sperm motility. The gene coding for Ca2+ channel are exclusively expressed in the testis.

As the age progresses the sperm motility detoriates and as Catsper is the gene responsible for maintaining the sperm motility it becomes important to further elucidate Catsper expression with the progression of age for which there has been not much studies reported.

PDF LINK